ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and canary grass (Phalaris minor Ritz.) management through allelopathy
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
2
Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Wheat Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Pakistan
Corresponding author
Jabran Khawar
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2010;50(1):41-44
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Environmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus alba L.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera (L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and canary grass (Phalaris minor Ritz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited
least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES (19)
1.
Alsaadawi I.S., Al-Uqaili J.K., Alrabeaa A.J., Al-Hadithy M. 1986. Allelopathic suppression of weed and nitrification by selected cultivars of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. J. Chem. Ecol. 12: 209–219.
2.
Alsaadawi I.S., Majid H.S., Ekelle A., Mageed K.A.H. 2005. Allelopathic potential of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) genotypes against weeds. Proceedings of the Fourth World Congress on Allelopathy. 21–26 August, 2005.Wagga Wagga, Australia.
3.
Association of Official Seed Analysis. Rules for testing seeds. 1990. J. Seed Tech. 12: 1–112.
4.
Bell A.R., Nalewaja J.D. 1968. Competition of wild oat in wheat and barley. Weed Sci. 16: 505–508.
5.
Coolbear P., Francis A., Grierson D. 1984. The effect of low temperature pre-sowing treatment under the germination performance and membrane integrity of artificially aged tomato seeds. J. Exp. Botany 35: 1609–1617.
6.
Ellis R.A., Roberts E.H. 1981. The quantification of ageing and survival in orthodox seeds. Seed Sci. Tech. 9: 373–409.
7.
Farooq M., Basra S.M.A., Hafeez K., Ahmad N. 2005. Thermal hardening: a new seed vigor enhancement tool in rice. J. Integ. Plant Biol. 47: 187–193.
8.
Farooq M., Basra S.M.A., Hussain M., Rehman H., Saleem B.A. 2007. Incorporation of polyamines in the priming media enhances the germination and early seedling growth in hybrid sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Int. J. Agric. Biol. 9: 868–872.
9.
Farooq M., Jabran K., Rehman H., Hussain M. 2008. Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and berseem. Allelopathy J. 22: 385–390.
10.
Heap I. 2008. The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. Online. Internet. Available from URL:
http://www.weedscience.com/. Accessed August 2008.
11.
Hejl A.M., Koster K.L. 2004. The allelochemical sorgoleone inhibits root H+-ATPase and water uptake. J. Chem. Ecol. 3: 2181–2191.
12.
Hobbs P.R., Sayre K.D., Monasterio J.I.O. 1998. Increasing wheat yields sustainably through agronomic means, NRG Paper 98-01, Mexico, D.F.: 17–18.
13.
Hong N.H., Xuan T.D., Eiji T., Hiroyuki T., Mitsuhiro M., Khanh T.D. 2003. Screening for allelopathic potential of higher plants from Southeast Asia. Crop Protect. 22: 829–836.
14.
Jabran K., Cheema Z.A., Farooq M., Basra S.M.A., Hussain M., Rehman H. 2008. Tank mixing of allelopathic crop water extracts with pendimethalin helps in the management of weeds in canola (Brassica napus) field. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 10: 293–296.
15.
Kudsk P., Streibig J.C. 2003. Herbicides – a two-edged sword. Weed Res. 43: 90–102.
16.
Malik R.K., Singh S., 1995. Littleseed canarygrass (Phalaris minor) resistance to isoproturon in India. Weed Tech. 9: 419–425.
17.
Mughal A. 2000. Allelopathic effects of leaf extracts of Morus alba L. on germination and seedling growth of some pulses. Range Manag. Agroforest. 21: 164–169.
18.
Torres A., R.M., Oliva D., Castellano P., Cross. 1996. Proceedings of the First World Congress on Allelopathy-A Science for the future, 16–20 September 1996, Cádiz, Spain.
19.
Zhu Y., Li Q.X. 2002. Movement of bromacil and hexazinone in soils of Hawaiian pineapple fields. Chemosphere 49: 669–674.