ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Using the secondary metabolites of some fungi and wild plants as natural pesticides to control cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
1
Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
2
Piercing Sucking Pests Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2023-02-15
Acceptance date: 2023-06-09
Online publication date: 2023-08-22
Corresponding author
Reda R. H. Abdullah
Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Cotton Pesticides Evaluation Research Department, Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2023;63(3):318-330
HIGHLIGHTS
- Four novel entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and identified based on molecular identification
- Secondary metabolites of fungal strains were extracted by ethyl acetate and identified by GC-MS
- Alkaloid extract was extracted from Haloxylon salicornicum and major compound of it was isolated and identified by 1HNMR, GC-MS
- Effects of all extracts were evaluated against cotton mealybugs, and biochemical changes were estimated
KEYWORDS
biopesticidesentomopathogenic fungiHaloxylon salicornicuminsect enzyme activityPhenacoccus solenopsis
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
As alternatives to chemical insecticides, entomopathogenic fungi or wild plants and their
secondary metabolites are being used. These biocontrol agents are significant because of
their biodegradability, specificity, eco-friendliness, and utility as agents to reduce insecticide
resistance. In this study five ethyl acetate extracts of locally isolated fungal strains (Talaromyces
atroroseus, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Talaromyces stipitatus, Trichoderma lixii,
Beauveria bassiana) as well as alkaloid extract of Haloxylon salicornicum were extracted
and investigated as biocontrol agents against cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis. The
results indicated that all extracts had toxic effects against P. solenopsis except the extract
of T. stipitatus. The LC50 values and toxicity index indicated that the alkaloid extract of
H. salicornicum was the most toxic one (26 ppm) after 72 hours of treatment followed
by the extracts of F. chlamydosporum (77 ppm), then B. bassiana (84 ppm) and T. lixii
(118 ppm). On the other hand, there were significant changes in tested insect enzyme activities
(amylase, lipase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase
(GPT), and acetyl choline esterase (AchE) as well as total proteins and lipids in the
insects treated with the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum, and ethyl acetate extracts of
F. chlamydosporum and B. bassiana after 24 hours of treatment compared to the control.
GC/MS analyses of fungal extracts indicated that there were some bioactive compounds
like hexadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid, and tetradecanoic acid. In addition, the anabasine
compound was found as a major constituent of the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum
and identified by 1H NMR and GC/MS analysis. In conclusion, according to this study, it
was recommended that the alkaloid extract of H. salicornicum and the ethyl acetate extracts
of F. chlamydosporum, B. bassiana, and T. lixii be used as alternatives to chemical insecticides
for controlling the cotton mealybug P. solenopsis.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Chetan Keswani
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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