ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The role of the preceding crop and weed control in the transmission of Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. solani to winter cereals
1
University of Technology and Life Sciences, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Corresponding author
Grzegorz Lemańczyk
University of Technology and Life Sciences, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
University of Technology and Life Sciences, Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2012;52(1):93-105
KEYWORDS
sharp eyespotRhizoctonia cerealissolanifungi compositionpreceding cropfallowweed controlherbicidewheattriticaleryebarley
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Winter cereals (wheat, triticale, rye, barley) grown in experimental fields were assessed for sharp eyespot. Preceding crops
(spring cereals and fallow) and weed control (herbicides application, no control) were taken into account. The health status evaluation was carried out at the stem elongation phase and at the milk maturity stage. The macroscopic estimation was accompanied by
the analysis of fungal species identified on stem bases and roots, which showed various disease symptoms. The analysis of fungal
species from the genus
Rhizoctonia
were especially noted. Mycological analysis of roots was carried out at the seedling growth and
stem elongation phase, and stem bases at the seedling growth and milk maturity stage. Infection caused by
Rhizoctonia
spp. was
confirmed by polymeraze chain reaction (PCR) assay. The highest infection was noted on wheat followed by triticale, rye and barley.
Occurrence of sharp eyespot depended more on weed control than on what the preceding crop had been. At the milk maturity stage,
lower severity of sharp eyespot of triticale, rye and barley was noted on plots not treated with herbicides, and on wheat with herbicide
application. The research showed a significant effect of the preceding crop only on the health status of wheat. At the milk maturity
stage, the highest infection was noted after spring triticale and the lowest after oats. Stems of cereals with sharp eyespot symptoms
and healthy stems were settled mainly by
Rhizoctonia cerealis
(wheat – 25.6%, triticale – 12.0%, rye – 22.2%, barley – 11.3%), rarely by
R.
solani
(respectively 6.0, 4.0, 2.9 and 1.8%).
Rhizoctonia solani
was isolated more often from roots with true eyespot and Fusarium foot
rot symptoms. It may suggest that
R.
cerealis
was the main causal agent of sharp eyespot on all tested cereals. The preceding crop did
not affect the composition of
Rhizoctonia
species.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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