ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The potential of Trichoderma asperellum organic extract and its emulsion to inhibit cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) black pod disease and induce biochemical defenses against Phytophthora megakarya
1
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
2
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agronomy and Agronomic Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2023-09-08
Acceptance date: 2023-12-04
Online publication date: 2024-03-06
Corresponding author
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2024;64(1):19-28
HIGHLIGHTS
- Organic extract and its emulsion from Trichoderma asperelleum:
- Inhibited the mycelial growth of Phytophthora megakarya
- Reduced the necrosis on cocoa pods
- Stimulated the biochemical defense on cocoa pods
- Could be used as biological control to fight against black pod disease
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Trichoderma asperellum organic extract and its
emulsion to control cocoa black pod disease caused by Phytophthora megakarya. Organic
extract was obtained after fermentation of T. asperellum and its emulsion prepared by emulsification.
The in vitro antimicrobial assays of organic extract and its emulsion were evaluated
and the in situ tests were carried out on detached cocoa pods. Trichoderma asperellum inhibited
the mycelia growth of P. megakarya at the rates of 52% and 100%, respectively, on dual
culture and the cellophane plate. This antagonist produced lytic enzymes such as cellulase,
amylase, lipase and protease. The organic extract contained alkaloid, flavonoid and phenol
compounds. The emulsion obtained was stable. At 100 μg · ml–1, the extract and its formulation
completely inhibited the mycelial growth of P. megakarya. Similarly, when infected
detached cocoa pods were sprayed with extract or emulsion, there was a significant reduction
of necrosis both for healing and prevention with the latter being the most efficient. For
the preventive tests, the total inhibition was recorded at 3000 μg · ml–1 and 1000 μg · ml–1,
respectively, with crude organic extract and its emulsion· For curative tests, total inhibition
was obtained at 4000 μg · ml–1 and 3000 μg · ml–1, respectively, for preventive and curative
tests. There was a significant and positive correlation between the content of biochemical
markers and the reduction of necrosis on cocoa pods after treatment with the extract or its
formulation. Trichoderma asperellum organic extract emulsion could be used as an alternative in the
bio- protection of cocoa black pods disease.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors are grateful to the Laboratory of Biochemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Douala,
for providing research facilities.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Kallol Das
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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| eISSN: | 1899-007X |
| ISSN: | 1427-4345 |
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