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The influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation on the potential distribution areas of Bursaphelencus xylophilus in Europe based on climatological reanalysis data
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1
Department of Natural Resources, Kaposvar University, Kaposvar, Hungary
2
Department of Plant Production and Protection, Kaposvar University, Kaposvar, Hungary
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2020-02-17
Acceptance date: 2020-04-01
Online publication date: 2020-06-09
Corresponding author
Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth
Department of Natural Resources, Kaposvar University, Guba S. 40., H-7400, Kaposvar, Hungary
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2020;60(2):215-219
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) (Aphelenchida: Parasitaphelencidae) is
one of the most harmful agents in coniferous forests. The most important vectors of pine
wood nematode are considered to be some Monochamus species (Col.: Cerambycidae),
which had been forest insects with secondary importance before the appearance of B. xylophilus.
However, the continuous spreading of the nematode has changed this status and
necessitated detailed biological and climatological investigation of the main European vector,
Monochamus galloprovincialis. The potential distribution area of M. galloprovincialis
involves those areas where the risk of the appearance of pine wood nematode B. xylophilus
is significant. The main objective of our analysis was to obtain information about the influencing
effects of North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the potential European range of
B. xylophilus and its vector species M. galloprovincialis based on the connection between
the mean temperature of July in Europe, the distribution of day-degrees of the vector and
the NAO index. Our assessment was based on fundamental biological constants of the
nematode and the cerambycid pest as well as the ECMWF ERA5 Global Atmospheric Reanalysis
dataset. Our hypothesis was built on the fact that the monthly mean temperature
had to exceed 20°C in the interest of an efficient expansion of the nematode. In addition,
the threshold temperature of the vector involved in the calculations was 12.17°C, while
the accumulated day-degree (DD) had to exceed the annual and biennial 370.57°DD for
univoltine and semivoltine development, respectively. Our finding that a connection could
be found between a mean temperature in July above 20°C and NAO as well as between the
accumulated day-degrees and NAO can be the basis for further investigations for a reliable
method to forecast the expansion of pine wood nematode and its vector species in a given
year.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The work was supported by the GINOP-2.2.1-15-2016-00005 as well as the EFOP 3.6.2-16-2017-00018, “Let’s Produce with nature − agro-forestry as a new breakthrough opportunity" project, which is co-financed by the European Union, the European Social Fund.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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