ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The health state of Ginkgo biloba L. in the presence of microfungi
 
More details
Hide details
1
Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Zvolen, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, 94901 Nitra, Slovak Republic
 
2
Botanical Garden at Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic
 
 
Submission date: 2014-08-04
 
 
Acceptance date: 2015-02-03
 
 
Corresponding author
Katarína Adamčíková
Institute of Forest Ecology, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Zvolen, Branch for Woody Plants Biology, 94901 Nitra, Slovak Republic
 
 
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2015;55(1):42-47
 
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The health state of Ginkgo biloba L. and damage caused by microscopic fungi were evaluated over the 2010–2011 time period, in selected localities of Slovakia and Czechia. The trees were assessed and put into two categories of health. Trees in very good (category 1) or good vitality and health with no or only light damage (category 2). A total of seven species of microscopic fungi were identified from samples taken from branches, fruits, and leaves. The following fungal genera were detected: Epicoccum, Fusarium, Alternaria, Phomopsis, Cylindrosporium, Phyllosticta, and Cladosporium. This present study is the first report about microscopic fungi determined on G. biloba for Slovakia.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
 
REFERENCES (38)
1.
Alfieri S.A., Langdon K.R., Wehlburg C., Kimbrough J.W. 1984. Index of Plant Diseases in Florida. Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Division of Plant Industry. Bulletin 11, 389 pp.
 
2.
Anonymous 1960. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States. USDA Agriculture Handbook 165, Washington, DC, USA, 531 pp.
 
3.
Bai J. 2000. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 15. Sphaeropsidales, Phoma, Phyllosticta. Science Press, Beijing, China, 255 pp.
 
4.
Bánhegyi J., Tóth S., Ubrizsy G., Vörös J. 1987. Magyarország mikroszkopikus gombáinak határozókönyve. [Key to Identification of Microscopic Fungi in Hungary]. Akadémia Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary, 1316 pp. (in Hungarian)Benčať F. 1982. Atlas rozšírenia cudzokrajných drevín na Slovensku a rajonizácia ich pestovania. [Atlas of Distribution of Introduced Woody Plants and Their Cultivation in Slovakia]. VEDA Press SAV, Bratislava, Slovakia, 368 pp. (in Slovak).
 
5.
Berlese A.N., Voglino P. 1886. Sylloge Fungorum. Additamenta ad Volumina I–IV, 484 pp.
 
6.
Brandenburger W. 1982. Parasitische Pilze an Gefäßpflanzen in Europa. [Parasitic fungi on vascular plants in Europe]. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, USA, 1248 pp. (in German).
 
7.
Chen M.M. 2002. Forest Fungi Phytogeography: Forest Fungi Phytogeography of China, North America, and Siberia and International Quarantine of Tree Pathogens. Pacific Mushroom Research and Education Center, Sacramento, USA, 469 pp.
 
8.
Chi P., Jiang Z., Xiang M. 2007. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 34. Phomopsis. Science Press, Beijing, China, 186 pp.
 
9.
Cho W.D., Shin H.D. 2004. List of Plant Diseases in Korea. 4th edition. Suwon, Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Korea, 779 pp.
 
10.
Coombes A.J. 1992. Trees. Dorling Kindersley Ltd., London, UK, 320 pp.
 
11.
DeFeudis F.V. 1998. Ginkgo biloba Extract (EGb 761): From Chemistry to the Clinic. Wiesbaden, Ullstein Medical, Germany, 401 pp.
 
12.
De Vries G.A. 1952. Contribution to the Knowledge of the Genus Cladosporium Link ex Fr. Holandia Press, Baarn, 121 pp.
 
13.
Grove W.B. 1935. British Stem-And-Leaf-Fungi (Coelomycetes). Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 488 pp.
 
14.
Hartman J.R., Pirone T.P., Sall M.A. 2000. Pirone‘s Tree Maintenance. Oxford University Press, New York, USA, 545 pp.
 
15.
Hepting G.H. 1971. Disease of Forest and Shade Trees of the US. USDA Forest Services Agriculture Handbook 386, Washington DC, USA, 658 pp.
 
16.
Hrubík P., Kollár J., Rovná K., Tkáčová S., Mňahončáková E. 2011. Kvalitatívna inventarizácia, klasifikácia a hodnotenie zdravotného stavu drevín pre účely záhradno-architektonickej a krajinárskej tvorby. [Qualitative Inventory, Classification and Evaluation of Health State of Woody Pants]. SPU, Nitra, 99 pp. (in Slovak).
 
17.
Huang X., Xie W., Gong Z. 2000. Characteristics and antifungal activity of a chitin binding protein from Ginkgo biloba. FEBS Letters 478 (1–2): 123–126.
 
18.
Kobayashi T. 2007. Index of Fungi Inhabiting Woody Plants in Japan. Host, Distribution and Literature. Kyokai Publishing Co. Ltd., Zenkoku-Noson-Kyoiku, Japan, 1227 pp.
 
19.
Kuddus R.H., Oakes J., Sharp C.L., Scott J., Slater K., Kirsi J.J., Kopp O.R., Burt W.R. 2008. Isolation of medically important fungi from Ginkgo biloba leaves and crude ginkgo supplements. The Internet Journal of Microbiology 5 (2). www.ispub.com/journal/the-internet-journal-of-microbiology/volume-5-number-2/isolation-of-medically-important-fungi-from-ginkgo-biloba-leaves-and-crude-ginkgo-supplements.html. [Accessed: November 11, 2010].
 
20.
Lotz-Winter H., Hofmann T., Kirschner R., Kursawe M., Trampe T., Piepenbring M. 2011. Fungi in the Botanical Garden of the University of Frankfurt. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 77: 89–122.
 
21.
Major R.T. 1967. The Ginkgo, the most ancient living tree. The resistance of Ginkgo biloba L. pests accounts in part for the longevity of this species. Science 157 (3794): 1270–1273.
 
22.
Motohashi K., Inaba S., Anzai K., Takamatsu S., Nakashima C. 2009. Phylogenetic analyses of Japanese species of Phyllosticta sensu stricto. Mycoscience 50 (4): 291–302.
 
23.
Mułenko W., Majewski T., Ruszkiewicz-Michalska M. 2008. A Preliminary Checklist of Micromycetes in Poland. Biodiversity of Poland. Vol. 9. Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland, 752 pp.
 
24.
Neely D. 1959. New and unusual leaf disease fungi for Illinois. Plant Disease Reporter 43: 498–499.
 
25.
Orwa C., Mutua A., Kindt R., Jamnadass R., Simons A. 2009. Agroforestree database: a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0. www.worldagroforestry.org/af/treedb/. [Accessed: March 4, 2011].
 
26.
Saccardo P.A. 1886. Sylloge Fungorum Ominium Hucusque Cognitorum. Vol. 4. p. 350–351. Patavi, Italy, 807 pp.
 
27.
Saccardo P.A. 1902. Sylloge Fungorum Ominium Hucusque Cognitorum. Vol. 16. p. 847. Patavi, Italy, 1290 pp.
 
28.
Saccardo P.A. 1931. Sylloge Fungorum Ominium Hucusque Cognitorum. Vol. 25. p. 61. Patavi, Italy, 1093 pp.
 
29.
Scheuer C., Bauer R., Lutz M., Stabentheiner E., Mel‘nik V.A., Grube M. 2008. Bartheletia paradoxa is a living fossil on Ginko leaf litter with a unique septal structure in the Basidiomycota. Mycological Research 112 (11): 1265–1279.
 
30.
Schubert K., Groenewald J.Z., Braun U., Dijksterhuis J., Starink M., Hill C.F., Zalar P., de Hog G.S., Crous P.W. 2007. Biodiversity in the Cladosporium herbarium complex (Davidiellaceae, Capnodiales), with standardisation of methods for Cladosporium taxonomy and diagnostics. Studies in Mycology 58: 105–156.
 
31.
Sinclair W.A., Lyon H.H. 2005. Disease of Trees and Shrubs. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, USA, 660 pp.
 
32.
Spaulding P. 1961. Foreign Diseases of Forest Trees of the World. USDA Agriculture Handbook 197, Washington DC, USA, 361 pp.
 
33.
Tai F.L. 1979. Sylloge Fungorum Sinicorum. Science Press, Academica Sinica, Beijing, China, 1527 pp.
 
34.
Upadhyaya M.L., Verma P., Gupta R.C. 2008. Alternaria leaf spot on Ginkgo biloba,in Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Indian Phytopathology 61 (4): 530.
 
35.
Zhang T.Y. 2003a. Alternaria. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 16. Science Press, Beijing, China, 284 pp.
 
36.
Zhang Z. 2003b. Cladosporium, Fusicladium, Pyricularia. Flora Fungorum Sinicorum. Vol. 14. Science Press, Beijing, China, 297 pp.
 
37.
Zhiquan Z., Zeyu H., Yongmei L. 2001.Investigation on Occurring Patterns of Ginkgo Leaf Blight.Guangxi Sciences, 4. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_.... [Accessed: March 4, 2011].
 
38.
Zhuang W.Y. 2005. Fungi of Northwestern China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, NY, USA, 430 pp.
 
eISSN:1899-007X
ISSN:1427-4345
Journals System - logo
Scroll to top