ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Susceptibility of winter triticale cultivars to Rhizoctonia cerealis (Sharp eyespot) and R. solani
1
University of Technology and Life Sciences
Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Submission date: 2012-06-22
Acceptance date: 2012-08-23
Corresponding author
Grzegorz Lemańczyk
University of Technology and Life Sciences Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
University of Technology and Life Sciences Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2012;52(4):421-434
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
In the field study period from 2006 to 2010, the incidence and severity of sharp eyespot caused by
Rhizoctonia
were recorded
on 36
cultivars of triticale at the milk ripe growth stage. Four localities in north-central Poland were included: Chrząstowo, Dębina,
Kończewice and Minikowo. The susceptibility of the seedlings of 30 cultivars of triticale to
R.
cerealis
(AG-D subgroup I) and
R.
solani
(AG-5) was studied in the laboratory. There was much variation in incidence and severity of sharp eyespot between years and
locations. The disease was most intense at Chrząstowo. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 28 cultivars was
2.6–35.7 (–55.0), and the mean disease index was 0.7–15.6 (–24.5), with the lowest and highest values in 2008 and 2009, respectively.
At
Minikowo, the disease was least intense. At this location, the mean percentage of diseased stems on 23 cultivars was 1.0–4.6 (–18.0),
and the mean disease index was 0.3–1.4 (–6.3), with the lowest and highest values in 2006 and 2007, respectively. The cultivars with
least intense disease were Tulus and Atletico (Chrząstowo), Grenado and Zorro (Dębina), Krakowiak and Tornado (Kończewice),
and Woltario and Constans (Minikowo). The cultivars with most intense disease were Alekto (Chrząstowo), Baltiko (Dębina), Pawo
(Kończewice) and Borwo (Minikowo). Mostly
R.
cerealis
was isolated from the diseased stems;
R.
solani
was isolated only sporadically.
There was a wide variation in the susceptibility of triticale cultivars to
Rhizoctonia.
Most triticale seedlings inoculated with
R.
cerealis
produced symptoms typical of sharp eyespot. Seedlings inoculated with
R.
solani
formed extended lesions with no defined borders.
Most symptoms developed on coleoptiles, with less symptoms on the leaves and the least on the roots. There was much variation in
susceptibility of triticale cultivars to both
Rhizoctonia
species. Cultivars were grouped into six categories according to the intensity of
seedling infection. Categories 1, 2 and 3, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility to
R.
cerealis, included 17, 10 and 3 cultivars, respectively.
Categories 4, 5 and 6, representing low, moderate and high susceptibility to
R.
solani, included 3, 12 and 15 cultivars,
respectively.
Cultivars Baltiko and Zorro had low, and cv. Cultivo had high susceptibility to both
Rhizoctonia
species. No cultivar was
resistant to
Rhizoctonia. There was a positive correlation between infection by
R.
cerealis
and
R.
solani.
Infection of coleoptiles by
R.
cerealis
or
R.
solani
was significantly correlated with infection of leaves. No correlation between intensity of sharp eyespot on triticale
plants in the field and on seedlings in controlled conditions was found.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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