ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Phytochemical characterization by HS-SPME-GC-MS and exploration of the antifungal, insecticidal and repellent activity of Ptychotis verticillata essential oil
1
Laboratory for Agricultural Productions Improvement, Biotechnology and Environment (LAPABE), Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed Premier, Oujda, Morocco
2
Center of Oriental Water and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (COSTEE), Mohammed First University, Oujda, Morocco
3
Euro-Mediterranean University of Fes (UEMF), Fes, Morocco
4
Laboratory of Plant, Animal, and Agro-Industry Productions, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, Morocco
5
High Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques annex Taza, Fez, Morocco
6
Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
7
Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mo-hammed First University, Boulevard Mohamed VI, Oujda, Morocco
8
Biochemistry Department College of Science University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
9
Center of Data Science and Sustainable Technologies, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
10
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, Laayoune, Morocco
These authors had equal contribution to this work
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2023-10-08
Acceptance date: 2023-12-08
Online publication date: 2024-05-15
Corresponding author
Ammar AL-Farga
Biochemistry Department College of Science University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Biochemistry Department College of Science University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2024;64(2):92-105
HIGHLIGHTS
- We embarked on an in-depth phytochemical characterization of the various components present in PVEO.
- We utilized the High-Performance Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) technique.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The objective of this investigation was to assess the chemical makeup of essential oil derived
from Ptychotis verticillata (PVEO), and to examine its antifungal, insecticidal, and repel-
lent properties. PVEO was extracted through hydrodistillation, and its volatile constituents
were analyzed using Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography-Mass
Spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of antifungal activity was carried
out using the agar diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
test against Candida glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium
digitatum. We evaluated the repellent potential, as well as the contact and inhalation tox-
icity of PVEO against Callosobruchus maculatus. The results of the study indicated that
the essential oil of P. verticillata was composed mainly of γ-Terpinen (25.86%), β-Cymene
(18.70%) O-Cymen-5-ol (16.78) and α-Pinene (12.13%). PVEO showed potent antifungal
activity against all strains tested. The results of insecticidal activity of this essential oil were
promising in adult C. maculatus. At a dose of 20 µl · dm–3 of air, EO caused maximum
mortality with an LC50 value of 5.64 µl · dm–3 for the inhalation test and 3.4 µl · dm–3 for the
contact test. In addition, a significant decrease in the number of eggs laid and adult emer-
gence was observed as EO doses increased, reaching a reduction of around 95% at a dose of
20 µl · dm–3 of air. In terms of repellent activity, PVEO also showed encouraging results. It
demonstrated an average repellent activity of around 92 ± 10.95%. Furthermore, molecular docking simulations corroborated the in vitro results and demonstrated that specific
p-Menthen-3-one compounds formed more robust hydrogen bonding interactions with
the target receptors. These experiments underscore PVEO’s effectiveness as a fungicide
against the tested fungal strains, demonstrating its role as a bio-insecticide against C. macu
latus adults, and its potential as an appealing repellent. This suggests that PVEO could serve
as a valuable alternative within integrated pest management strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors express their gratitude to the Moroccan
Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and
Innovation, and the European Union for supporting
this work under the PRIMA Programme (OLI4FOOD,
ID No 1845), as well as for the support provided by
the researcher support project (PNURSP2024R158) of
the Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University in
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Jolanta Kowalska
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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