ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Light spectrum affects growth, metabolite profile, and resistance against fungal phytopathogens of Solanum lycopersicum L. seedlings
1
Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
2
Department of Organic Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute, Poznań, Poland
3
Department of Biology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2024-01-17
Acceptance date: 2024-02-05
Online publication date: 2024-05-06
Corresponding author
Alicja Tymoszuk
Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Laboratory of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2024;64(2):115-126
HIGHLIGHTS
- Light spectra differing in red/blue light ratio affect development of tomato seedlings.
- The shoot and root growth is mostly stimulated by red light.
- Red light stimulate also accumulation of secondary metabolites.
- Light spectrum moderate resistance of tomato against A. alternata, A. solani and B. cinerea.
- Growers can optimize light spectra to enhance disease resistance and quality of tomato.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Tomato is a widely cultivated and economically important crop worldwide. This study
aimed to test the effect of light spectra used in indoor cultivation on the growth, biochemical
profile, and resistance of Solanum lycopersicum ‘Bawole Serce’ seedlings against Alternaria
alternata, Alternaria solani and Botrytis cinerea. During the phase of first leaf
emergence, the seedlings were transferred to a semi-sterile growth room with a controlled
environment (20°C, 18-h photoperiod, 50 μmol · m−2 · s−1 PPFD, 65% RH) for a 3-week
cultivation period. Five light treatments differing in red/blue (R/B) light ratio were tested:
I (LED tube; R/B 5.55), II (fluorescent tube; R/B 0.72), III (fluorescent tube; R/B 1.19),
IV (LED panel; R/B 0.51), V (LED panel; R/B 0.20). The best parameters in terms of shoot
length, shoot fresh and dry weights, and number of leaves were obtained in treatment I, in
contrast to IV and V. Plants from treatments IV and V had the smallest leaf area, perimeter,
vertical length, and horizontal width. As for the root system, the highest fresh weight, area,
length of the longest root, total length, and the number of root tips and forks were found
in treatments I and II. The least developed root systems were observed in IV and V. The
greatest chlorophyll, carotenoids and anthocyanins accumulation was enhanced by treatment
II. Treatments I−III stimulated the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds. The highest
superoxide dismutase activity was detected in plants from treatments I and II. As for
A. alternata and A. solani, the level of disease symptoms was significantly higher for treatments
IV and V than for I-III. The highest/lowest level of B. cinerea infection was found
in treatments II/I, respectively. The least susceptible to infection by all tested pathogens
were leaves from treatment I. Light spectrum composition is of practical importance for
tomato seedling production.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Lidia Irzykowska
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
REFERENCES (43)
1.
Abdeldym E.A., El-Mogy M.M., Abdellateaf H.R.L., Atia M.A.M. 2020. Genetic characterization, agro-morphological and physiological evaluation of grafted tomato under salinity stress conditions. Agronomy 10 (12): 1948. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
2.
Adhikari P., Oh Y., Panthee D.R. 2017. Current status of early blight resistance in tomato: an update. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18 (10): 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18....
3.
Amirahmadi E., Ghorbani M., Moudrý J., Konvalina P., Kopecký M. 2023. Impacts of environmental factors and nutrients management on tomato grown under controlled and open field conditions. Agronomy 13 (3): 916. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
4.
Battistoni B., Amorós A., Tapia M.L., Escalona V. 2021. Effect of LED lights on the antioxidant properties of baby spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea L.). Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias – UNCuyo 53 (1): 98–108.
5.
Bradford M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72: 248–254. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2....
7.
Courbier S., Snoek B.L., Kajala K., Li L., van Wees S.C.M., Pierik R. 2021. Mechanisms of far-red light-mediated dampening of defense against Botrytis cinerea in tomato leaves. Plant Physiology 187 (3): 1250–1266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys....
8.
Cuevas-Cianca S.I., Romero-Castillo C., Gálvez-Romero J.L., Juárez Z.N., Hernández L.R. 2023. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds from edible plants with anti-cancer activity and their potential use as drugs. Molecules 28 (3): 1488. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecu....
9.
Das K., Roychoudhury A. 2014. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and response of antioxidants as ROS-scavengers during environ-mental stress in plants. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2: 53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.....
10.
De Lucca A.J., Carter-Wientjes C., Williams K.A., Bhatnagar D. 2012. Blue light (470 nm) effectively inhibits bacterial and fungal growth. Letters in Applied Microbiology 55 (6): 460–6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12....
11.
DePhillipo N.N., Aman Z.S., Kennedy M.I., Begley J.P., Moatshe G., LaPrade R.F. 2018. Efficacy of vitamin C supplementation on collagen synthesis and oxidative stress after musculoskeletal injuries: A systematic review. Orthopedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6 (10): 2325967118804544. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/232596....
12.
Dixon R.A., Paiva N.L. 1995. Stress-induced phenylpropanoid metabolism. Plant Cell 7 (7): 1085–1097.
13.
Dsouza A., Newman L., Graham T., Fraser E.D.G. 2023. Exploring the landscape of controlled environment agriculture research: A systematic scoping review of trends and topics. Agricultural Systems 209: 103673. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy....
14.
El-Mansy A.B., Abd El-Moneim D., Alshamrani S.M., Safhi F.A., Abdein M.A., Ibrahim A.A. 2021. Genetic diversity analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with morphological, cytological, and molecular markers under heat stress. Horticulturae 7 (4): 65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/hortic....
15.
Escobar-Bravo R., Chen G., Kim H.K., Grosser K., van Dam N.M., Leiss K.A., Klinkhamer P.G.L. 2019. Ultraviolet radiation exposure time and intensity modulate tomato resistance to herbivory through activation of jasmonic acid signaling. Journal of Experimental Botany 70 (1): 315–327. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/er....
16.
Fylladitakis E. 2023. Controlled LED lighting for horticulture: a review. Open Journal of Applied Sciences 13: 175–188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojapps....
17.
Giannopolitis C.N., Ries S.K. 1977. Superoxide dismutases I. Occurrence in higher plants. Plant Physiology 59: 309–314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.59.....
18.
Harborne J.B. 1967. Comparative biochemistry of the flavonoids. Phytochemistry 6 (11): 1569–1573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-....
19.
He R., Wei J., Zhang J., Tan X., Li Y., Gao M., Liu H. 2022. Supplemental blue light frequencies improve ripening and nutritional qualities of tomato fruits. Frontiers in Plant Science 13: 888976. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2....
20.
Homaee M.B., Ehsanpour A.A. 2016. Silver nanoparticles and silver ions: oxidative stress responses and toxicity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) grown in vitro. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology 57 (6): 544–553. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13580....
21.
Hui X., Yan-nan F., Tian-lai L., Rui W. 2017. Effects of different LED light wavelengths on the resistance of tomato against Botrytis cinerea and the corresponding physiological mechanisms. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 16 (1): 106–114. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-....
22.
Kim K., Kook H.-S., Jang Y.-J., Lee W.-H., Kamala-Kannan S., Chae J.-Ch., Lee K.-J. 2013. The effect of blue-light-emitting diodes on antioxidant properties and resistance to Botrytis cinerea in tomato. Journal of Plant Pathology & Microbiology 4 (9): 1000203. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/2157-7....
23.
Lichtenthaler H.K. 1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes. Methods in Enzymology 148: 350–382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6....
24.
Liu J., van Iersel M.W. 2021. Photosynthetic physiology of blue, green, and red light: Light intensity effects and underlying mechanisms. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 619987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2....
25.
Liu S., Yu L., Liu L., Yang A., Huang X., Zhu A., Zhou H. 2023. Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation on the regulation of ascorbic acid accumulation and metabolism in lettuce. Horticulturae 9 (2): 200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/hortic....
26.
Maehly A.C., Chance B. 1954. The assay of catalases and peroxidises. p. 357–425. In: “Methods of Biochemical Analysis” (D. Glick, ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/978047....
27.
Mazidi M., Ferns G., Banach M. 2020. A high consumption of tomato and lycopene is associated with a lower risk of cancer mortality: Results from a multi-ethnic cohort. Public Health Nutrition 23 (9): 1569–1575. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S13689....
28.
McCree K.J. 1971. The action spectrum, absorptance and quantum yield of photosynthesis in crop plants. Agricultural Meteorology 9: 191–216. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-1....
29.
Meiramkulova K., Tanybayeva Z., Kydyrbekova A., Turbekova A., Aytkhozhin S., Zhantasov S., Taukenov A. 2021. The efficiency of LED irradiation for cultivating high-quality tomato seedlings. Sustainability 13 (16): 9426. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su1316....
30.
Miler N., Kulus D., Woźny A., Rymarz D., Hajzer M., Wierzbowski K., Nelke R., Szeffs L. 2019. Application of wide-spectrum light-emitting diodes in micropropagation of popular ornamental plant species: A study on plant quality and cost reduction. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology – Plant 55: 99–108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627....
31.
Nguyen T.-P.-D., Jang D.-C., Tran T.-T.-H., Nguyen Q.-T., Kim I.-S., Hoang T.-L.-H., Vu N.-T. 2021. Influence of green light added with red and blue LEDs on the growth, leaf microstructure and quality of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Agronomy 11 (9): 1724. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/agrono....
32.
Nowogórska A., Patykowski J. 2015. Selected reactive oxygen species and antioxidany enzymes in common bean after Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola and Botrytis cinerea infection. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 37: 1725. DOI: https://doi:10.1007/s11738-014....
33.
Proietti S., Moscatello S., Riccio F., Downey P., Battistelli A. 2021. Continuous lighting promotes plant growth, light conversion efficiency, and nutritional quality of Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. in controlled environment with minor effects due to light quality. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 730119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2....
34.
Raiola A., Rigano M.M., Calafiore R., Frusciante L., Barone A. 2014. Enhancing the health-promoting effects of tomato fruit for biofortified food. Mediators of Inflammation 2014: 139873. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/1....
35.
Rasiukevičiūtė N., Brazaitytė A., Vaštakaitė-Kairienė V., Kupčinskienė A., Duchovskis P., Samuolienė G., Valiuškaitė A. 2021. The effect of monochromatic LED light wavelengths and photoperiods on Botrytis cinerea. Journal of Fungi 7 (11): 970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof711....
36.
Soltis N.E., Atwell S., Shi G., Fordyce R., Gwinner R., Gao D., Shafi A., Kliebenstein D.J. 2019. Interactions of tomato and Botrytis cinerea genetic diversity: parsing the contributions of host differentiation, domestication, and pathogen variation. The Plant Cell 31 (2): 502–519. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1105/tpc.18....
37.
Sotelo-Cardona P., Lin M.-Y., Srinivasan R. 2021. Growing tomato under protected cultivation conditions: overall effects on productivity, nutritional yield, and pest incidences. Crops 1: 97–110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/crops1....
38.
Tymoszuk A., Kulus D., Błażejewska A., Nadolna K., Kulpińska A., Pietrzykowski K. 2023. Application of wide-spectrum light emitting diodes in the indor production of cucumber and tomato seedlings. Acta Agrobotanica 76: 726. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5586/aa.762.
39.
Walters D.R., Fountaine J.M. 2009. Practical applications of induced resistance to plant diseases: an appraisal of effectiveness under field conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science 147 (5): 523–535.
40.
Wang S., Jin N., Jin L., Xiao X., Hu L., Liu Z., Wu Y., Xie Y., Zhu W., Lyu J., Yu, J. 2022. Response of tomato fruit quality depends on period of LED supplementary light. Frontiers in Nutrition 9: 833723. DOI: https://doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.833723.
41.
Waterhouse A.L. 2001. Determination of total phenolics. p. I1.1.1–I1.1.8. In: “Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry” (R.E. Wrolstad, ed.). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
42.
Zhang J., Zhang Y., Song S., Su W., Hao Y., Liu H. 2020. Supplementary red light results in the earlier ripening of tomato fruit depending on ethylene production. Environmental and Experimental Botany 175: 104044. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enve....
43.
Żuchowski J. 1999. Vegetable superoxide dismutases. Kosmos 48 (1): 87–93 (in Polish).
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1899-007X |
| ISSN: | 1427-4345 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
