ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Geographic distribution of Fusarium culmorum chemotypes associated with wheat crown rot in Iraq
1
University of Baghdad, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, 10001, Iraq
2
Purdue University Northwest, North Central Campus, Department of Biological Sciences, 46323, United States
3
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, 55108, United States
Submission date: 2016-06-06
Acceptance date: 2017-02-15
Corresponding author
Oadi N. Matny
University of Baghdad, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, 10001, Iraq
University of Baghdad, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, 10001, Iraq
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2017;57(1):43-49
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is an important disease of wheat and other grains that has had a significant impact on cereal crop production worldwide. Fusarium species associated with FCR can also produce powerful trichothecenes mycotoxins that pose a considerable health risk to humans and animals that consume infected grains. In this study we examined Fusarium species of wheat from different regions of Iraq that showed FCR symptoms. Twenty-nine isolates were collected overall, and the marker gene translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1α) was sequenced in order to determine their taxonomic identities. All isolates were determined to be F. culmorum, and primers targeting tri-cluster genes were used in order to further characterize isolates into specific trichothecene chemotype strains. Five of the 29 isolates were determined to be the nivalenol (NIV) chemotype, while the rest of the isolates recovered were the deoxynivalenol (DON) chemotype. All DON-type isolates produced 3Ac-DON, while the 15Ac-DON-type was not detected. The majority of the NIV-type isolates originated from wheat growing regions in the mid-latitudes of Iraq, while the DON-type isolates were recovered from areas distributed broadly across the country. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report on the distribution of specific F. culmorum chemotypes from FCR diseased wheat in Iraq.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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