ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic diversity study of Fusarium culmorum: causal agent of wheat crown rot in Iraq
1
Department of Plant Protection, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
2
Department of Plant Protection, University of Tikrit, Tikrit, Iraq
3
Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, USA
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2018-10-17
Acceptance date: 2019-05-16
Online publication date: 2019-07-30
Corresponding author
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2019;59(2):206-213
KEYWORDS
genetic diversityFusariumpathogenicityrepetitive extragenic palindromic technique (REP-PCR)Triticum aestivum
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium culmorum (Wm.G.Sm) Sacc., is an important
disease of wheat both in Iraq and other regions of wheat production worldwide.
Changes in environmental conditions and cultural practices such as crop rotation generate
stress on pathogen populations leading to the evolution of new strains that can tolerate
more stressful environments. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity among
isolates of F. culmorum in Iraq. Twenty-nine samples were collected from different regions
of wheat cultivation in Iraq to investigate the pathogenicity and genetic diversity of F. culmorum
using the repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP-PCR) technique. Among the
29 isolates of F. culmorum examined for pathogenicity, 96% were pathogenic to wheat at
the seedling stage. The most aggressive isolate, from Baghdad, was IF 0021 at 0.890 on the
FCR severity index. Three primer sets were used to assess the genotypic diversity via REP,
ERIC and BOX elements. The amplicon sizes ranged from 200–800 bp for BOX-ERIC2,
110–1100 bp for ERIC-ERIC2 and 200–1300 bp for REP. A total of 410 markers were polymorphic,
including 106 for BOX, 175 for ERIC and 129 for the REP. Genetic similarity was
calculated by comparing markers according to minimum variance (Squared Euclidean).
Clustering analysis generated two major groups, group 1 with two subgroups 1a and 1b
with 5 and 12 isolates, respectively, and group 2 with two subgroups 2a and 2b with 3 and
9 isolates, respectively. This is the first study in this field that has been reported in Iraq.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This work was carried out and supported by the University
of Minnesota, Department of Plant Pathology.
We wish to thank Dr. Brian Steffenson, Dr. Scott Bates
and Dr. Zewei Song for their support and help in completing
this paper.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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