ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb. Toxins evaluated in cereal grain with Trichoderma harzianum
1
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznań, Poland
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Life Science in Poznań, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań, Poland
Corresponding author
Halina Wiśniewska
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznań, Poland
Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Strzeszyńska 34, Poznań, Poland
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2011;51(2):134-139
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Fusarium
head blight is one of the most severe diseases of small grain cereals and is caused by several toxigenic
Fusarium
species. Yield losses and mycotoxin accumulation in grain are caused by the disease.
F. sporotrichioides
and
F. poae
produce type A
trichothecenes. Saprophyte fungal antagonists, especially
Trichoderma harzianum
, are effective biocontrol agents against several fungal
soil-borne plant pathogens. These fungal antagonists
can reduce the production of
Fusarium
spp. mycotoxins in some crop plants. The
aim of this study was to examine the influence of
T. harzianum
AN4 on the production of type A trichothecenes
by
F. sporotrichioides
in
cereals. The accumulation of six trichothecene mycotoxins (scirpentriol,
i.e.
STO, T
-
2 tetraol, T
-
2 triol, HT
-
2
toxin
i
.
e
., HT
-
2, T
-2 toxin
i.e
., T
-
2, diacetoxyscirpenol,
i.e.
, DAS) was reduced on average, by over 89% in bioassays of
F. sporotrichioides
and
Trichoderma
isolate
AN4 on a liquid medium and on solid substrates (seeds of naked and husked oats and wheat). The reduction in our experiments de
-
pended on fungal isolate and substrate. From the three isolates of
F. sporotrichioides
used in the experiments, the highest accumulation
of all the metabolites after 21 days by
F. sporotrichioides
in nearly all substrates, was recorded for strain ZFR 159. On the liquid medium
inoculated with
F. sporotrichioides
ZFR 159, the amount of type A trichothecenes was the lowest (STO, T
-
2 tetraol, and T
-
2 triol not de
-
tected, HT
-
2 toxin 0.02
ppm, DAS 0.10
ppm, T2 toxin 0.99
ppm). The highest total concentration of these toxins was produced by this
isolate in husked oat cv. German (180.16
ppm), but in naked oat cv
. Akt the toxin concentration was low (27.62
ppm). Trichothecene
accumulation by
T. harzianum
AN4 was reduced the most in oat cv. Akt (98.48%) in the liquid medium (98.22%), while the lowest
reduction was in oat cv. German (48.77%). The non-toxigenic
T. harzianum
AN4 isolate proved to be a useful biocontrol agent against
the toxigenic
F. sporotrichioides
in cereals, significantly reducing the production of six type A trichothecenes. This is the first report on
effective biocontrol of
F. sporotrichioides
in cereals by
T. harzianum
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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