ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of farming system, chemical control, fertilizer and sowing density on sharp eyespot and Rhizoctonia spp. in winter wheat
1
University of Technology and Life Sciences
Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology
Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Submission date: 2012-03-13
Acceptance date: 2012-05-17
Corresponding author
Grzegorz Lemańczyk
University of Technology and Life Sciences Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
University of Technology and Life Sciences Department of Phytopathology and Molecular Mycology Kordeckiego 20, 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2012;52(4):381-396
KEYWORDS
winter wheatsharp eyespotRhizoctonia cerealissolanifungicideherbicidemonocultureintegrated farmingorganic farmingfertilizersowing density
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Effects of agronomic practices on the occurrence of sharp eyespot and
Rhizoctonia
spp. in winter wheat were determined in
two field experiments. In Experiment 1, in the village of Osiny, a comparison was made of disease in different farming systems. The
farming systems were: organic, integrated, conventional, and monoculture. In Experiment 2, in the village of Mochełek, the effects of
different chemical controls (no treatment, herbicide, herbicide + fungicide), mineral fertilizer doses (147 and 221 kg/ha NPK) and sowing densities (400 and 600 grains/m
2
) on the occurrence of sharp eyespot were compared in wheat grown in short-term monoculture.
There was considerably more sharp eyespot in 2007 (disease index 1.63–29.5%) than in other years. Significant effects of the treatments
were mostly noted at the milk ripe growth stage. The fewest sharp eyespot symptoms were seen in the integrated farming system. The
most sharp eyespot symptoms were seen in the conventional and organic systems. There was a tendency for an increased intensity of
symptoms in successive wheat-growing years of short-term monoculture. The application of pesticides showed no clear effect on the
occurrence of sharp eyespot. The herbicide resulted in increased or decreased disease intensity depending on the cultivation year and
the date of observation. Fungicide application did not decrease infection. Without chemical control, more symptoms were observed
at the lower NPK rate. There were more symptoms at the higher sowing density. Stems with sharp eyespot symptoms were mostly
infected by
Rhizoctonia cerealis
, and less frequently by
R.
solani
. Binucleate
Rhizoctonia
spp., which could not be identified to species using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques, were also recorded. Two
R.
zeae
isolates were also obtained from stems with disease
symptoms in Mochełek.
R. solani
was more often isolated from roots or stems with symptoms of true eyespot or fusarium foot rot.
Most isolates of
Rhizoctonia
spp. were obtained at the milk ripe stage. A wheat-growing system and chemical control did not greatly
affect the frequency of
Rhizoctonia
spp.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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