ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculations on the growth and polyphenol levels of garden leek (Allium porrum)
1
USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
2
USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Core Technologies, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
3
USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2017-10-06
Acceptance date: 2018-01-31
Corresponding author
Ocen Modesto Olanya
USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
USDA-ARS, Eastern Regional Research Center, Food Safety and Intervention Technologies Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA 19038, USA
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2018;58(1):83-90
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Arbuscular mycorrizal (AM) fungi may enhance plant growth and polyphenol production, however; there have been limited studies on the relationships between root colonization of different fungal species and polyphenol production on cultivated Allium porrum (garden leek). The effects of inoculation of AM fungi spores from Rhizophagus intraradices, Gigapora margarita, Glomus geosporum, Paraglomus occultum, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Glomus species on colonization of roots of garden leek and symbiotic changes in polyphenol production and plant growth were evaluated in greenhouse experiments. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in colonization of leek roots by AM fungi species. The greatest level of root colonization was recorded on plants inoculated with R. intraradices (73%) and the lowest level on C. claroideum (3.2%). Significant differences (P<0.05) in plant height were recorded between AM inoculated plants and the controls. Polyphenol levels differed significantly (P<0.05) between garden leek plants inoculated with AM fungi and the non-inoculated controls. The percentage increases in polyphenol (a derivative of kaempferol) on garden leeks inoculated with G. geosporum relative to the untreated controls ranged from 310 to 1123%. Due to symbiosis with different AM species, other polyphenols decreased in some instances (negative values) and increased in others for values of up to 590%. This suggests that AM fungi species exhibited remarkable differences in polyphenol levels in garden leeks. The high polyphenol production by garden leek plants inoculated with G. geosporum, and Glomus species could be exploited for enhanced resistance of garden leeks to insects and diseases. This research highlights an understudied area, notably the relationships between AM fungal inoculations, root colonizations and polyphenol production in garden leeks. The findings can be utilized to improve the pest resistance and quality of garden leek plants.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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