ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of seed-borne Fusarium species on constituents of essential oils from seeds of black cumin populations
1
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2020-11-30
Acceptance date: 2021-03-12
Online publication date: 2021-08-23
Corresponding author
Nima Khaledi
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2021;61(3):229-242
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The seed is one of the most important inputs of agricultural products and its quality and
health can be affected by seed-borne fungi. Seed-borne fungal pathogens are a major threat
to black cumin production and cause considerable yield losses every year worldwide. The
aim of this study was to identify seed-borne fungi, the effects of natural fungal infected
seeds on some seed quality indicators, and also to investigate cell wall degrading enzymes
(CWDEs), pathogenicity and aggressiveness of the isolates obtained from seeds. The constituents
of essential oils (EOs) from seeds of Iranian and Syrian black cumin populations
were identified and their effect on [isolated] seed-borne Fusarium isolates. A total of
17 isolates were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics of Fusarium
oxysporum and F. solani species. The results of the standard germination test showed
that there was a significant difference between the studied seed populations in the germination
and vigor indices. Our results indicated that most of the identified isolates were in
the seed coat, while a few isolates of F. oxysporum were located in embryos. The results of
the pathogenicity test showed that about 42% of the isolates were pathogenic and 58% of
the isolates were non-pathogenic. Different levels of pathogenicity and aggressiveness were
observed for various isolates of Fusarium species. All Fusarium isolates were not capable
of producing CWDEs as pathogenicity factors. Analyzing the activity of CWDEs, including
cellulase, pectinase, xylanase and lipase produced by the Fusarium isolates, revealed
that activity levels of CWDEs are positive and are correlated with variations in pathogenicity
and aggressiveness of seed-borne fungal isolates on seeds. The EOs were identified
by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the major constituents were identified as
ρ-cymene, trans-anethole, thymoquinone, limonene, carvacrol and α-thujene. The results
showed that the compounds ρ-cymene, limonene, carvacrol, thymoquinone and transanethole
had antifungal effects against F. oxysporum isolate. It seems that the percentage of
carvacrol and limonene composition in the EOs components can affect the presence of the
seed-borne Fusarium. This is the first report on the effect of EO compositions of black cumin
seed populations on seed-borne Fusarium isolated from the same seeds. The findings
of this research showed that the amounts and types of constituents of EOs of black cumin
seed populations are different and they can affect the abundance of seed-borne fungi and
their level of pathogenicity and aggressiveness.
FUNDING
The research was financially supported by Seed and
Plant Certification and Registration Institute (SPCRI),
Iran (Grant number: 124-08-08-021-98024-980892).
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Chetan Keswani
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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