ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of plant essential oils on the growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr., Penicillium italicum Wehmer, and P. digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., diseases
1
Horticulture and Agricultural Extension, Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie, Tulkarm, Palestine
2
Department of Plant Production and Protection, Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
3
London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Canada
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2021-04-07
Acceptance date: 2021-07-02
Online publication date: 2021-11-16
Corresponding author
Rana Samara
Horticulture and Agricultural Extension, Palestine Technical University, Yafa, 302, Tulkarm, Palestine
Horticulture and Agricultural Extension, Palestine Technical University, Yafa, 302, Tulkarm, Palestine
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2021;61(4):324-336
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of eight Palestinian indigenous plant
essential oils (EOs) under in vitro and in vivo conditions against Botrytis cinerea Pers.: Fr.,
Penicillium italicum Wehmer, and Penicillium digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., three common postharvest
pathogens of tomato and strawberry fruits. In vivo tests showed that thyme, sesame
and sage EOs exhibited high antifungal activity against B. cinerea on strawberry and tomato
fruits, compared with rosemary, mint and eucalyptus. In vitro agar, disk-diffusion tests
showed that B. cinerea, P. digitatum and P. italicum mycelium growth was completely inhibited
when treated with clove and sage EOs caused 50% inhibition of B. cinerea and P. italicum
mycelium growth. Fruit decay and fruit quality index values measured in total soluble
solids and fruit flesh firmness showed that EO coated strawberries had significantly less
fruit decaying and ripping compared to control, while EO coated tomatoes showed no significant
difference compared to control. EO constituents fall into different chemical classes,
including sterols, caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, coumarins, and acetylenes.
Chemical analysis of the EO preparations using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
determined that the main components in sesame oil were octadecenoic acid-(56%) and
hexadecanoic acid (26%), while clove oil consisted of eugenol (53%). In the other EOs, the
principal compounds were: menthol (44% in mint oil), eucalyptol (37% in sage oil), while
bornanone (18% in rosemary oil) and γ-terpinene (21% in thyme oil) were present at lower
concentrations. The EO of sage plants could potentially be a useful alternative to synthetic
pesticides to control post-harvest diseases and prolong the shelf life of fruit products.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors thank many capable
students for their assistance in the fieldwork, and
laboratory technicians for their technical assistance,
support and culture maintenance. Special thanks go to
Palsame® essential oils Company for providing essential
oil samples for this study.
FUNDING
The scientific work was supported by the Zamala Fellowship Program 2017/2018 sponsored by the Bank of Palestine and Welfare Association. Part of this research was also supported by the Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK).
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Piotr Kaczyński
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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