ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Ecological applications of Pseudomonas as a biopesticide to control two-spotted mite Tetranychus urticae: chitinase and HCN production
1
Laboratory of Environmental Engineering and Biotechnology, National School of Applied Sciences, Agadir, Morocco
2
Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomiqued’Agadir (INRA), Morocco
3
Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco
4
Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Hassan II, Agadir, Morocco
5
Laboratory of Bacteriology, Specialized Center of Valorisation and Technology of Sea Production, INRH, Agadir, Morocco
6
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL USA
Submission date: 2017-08-18
Acceptance date: 2017-11-20
Corresponding author
Rachid Bouharroud
Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomiqued’Agadir (INRA), Morocco
Research Unit of Integrated Crop Production, Centre Regional de la Recherche Agronomiqued’Agadir (INRA), Morocco
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2017;57(4):409-416
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is an important pest of many
horticultural crops. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three fluorescent
Pseudomonas isolates obtained from rhizospheric soil of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon)
in Agadir, Morocco: Q110B, Q036B and Q172B, as potential biological control agents
for T. urticae. Both acaricide and repellent activities were assessed on homogenous
adult mites. The acaricidal activity test evaluated five concentrations of bacterial
suspensions: 0 (control), 102, 104, 106, 108, and 1010 cfu ⋅ ml–1, while only the 1010 cfu ∙ ml−1 concentration of each bacterium was used for the repellent bioassay. The mortality rate and repellentindex were recorded 24, 48 and 72 h after application. Results indicated that the survival rate of T. urticae was reduced (p ≤ 0.01) by all three bacterial isolates compared to control. Within the 24–72 h time period the mortality rates ranged
from 8 to 87%, 16 to 99%, and 13 to 89%, for Q110B, Q036B and Q172B isolates, respectively. The isolate Q036B (LC50 = 0.598 cfu ⋅ ml–1) provided higher mortality rates than Q172B and Q110B with LC50 values of 90,846 and 169,585 cfu ⋅ ml–1, respectively. Repellent activity was also the highest with Pseudomonas Q036B having a 71% repellence index at 48 h after application. Regarding the mechanism of action, all three isolates produced hydrogen cyanide, and exhibited protease and cellulose activities, although only Q036B and Q172B had potential chitinase action. Identification analysis
showed that the isolates were either Pseudomonas putida (Q172B) or P. fluorescens
(Q110B and Q036B). Our results indicate that the P. fluorescens isolate Q036B is
a promising candidate for biological control of T. urticae, and has potential to contribute
to an integrated pest management program to control this important pest. Then the fruits
produced will be qualified as safe for consumers and the environment. The present work
was customized to give support for policy decision makers as an agroecological potential meeting needs of industries and ecological balance.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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