ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Control of citrus nematode Tylenchulus semipenetrans (Tylenchida: Tylenchulidae) using plant-based products under in vitro and in vivo conditions
1
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
2
Textile Engineering Department, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2023-11-05
Acceptance date: 2024-01-30
Online publication date: 2024-05-29
Corresponding author
Salar Jamali
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 41635-1314, Iran
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2024;64(2):106-114
HIGHLIGHTS
- It is the first report on the effects of the aqueous extract and essential oil of Artemisia annua and the methanol extract of Melia azedarach on Citrus nematode. The effectiveness of the treatments significantly varied depending on the concentration and duration of exposure. The experiments indicated that A. annua Essential Oil and M. azedarach Methanol Extract exhibited the highest nematicidal activity.
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
The citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipentrans) is one of the most important parasitic
nematodes affecting citrus trees, causing gradual decline and reduced yield. Potential risks,
high costs and environmental consequences of chemical compounds have led researchers
to explore non-chemical methods such as using plant-based products for nematode
management. The present study was conducted to control citrus nematodes using essential
oil and water extract of Artemisia annua and methanolic extract of Melia azederach under
laboratory and greenhouse conditions. In vitro bioassays were carried out, and the effects
on toxicity, mortality, and egg hatching were assessed. The highest in vitro nematistatic
activity was recorded for 250 ppm of A. annua essential oil and 500 ppm of M. azederach
methanol extract by 100% paralysis of nematodes after 48 h. Furthermore, the highest
nematicidal activity of A. annua essential oil, aqueous extract and methanolic extract of
M. azederach was recorded to be about 60−100%, 40−87% and 38−100%, respectively.
Among all concentrations of M. azederach methanolic extract and high concentrations
of A. annua essential oil and aqueous extract, the repellents and motility inhibitors for
nematodes were found. The results of egg hatching showed that essential oil of A. annua
at a concentration of 250 ppm had the greatest reduction of egg hatching. In a greenhouse
experiment, all the treatments were found to be significantly effective against the citrus
nematode population in soil and roots compared to the control. Maximum reduction was
observed in 500 ppm of methanolic extract of M. azederach. Growth parameters (plant
height, fresh and dry shoot and root weight) increased compared to the control when
treatments were applied. Based on the results, plants such as A. annua and M. azedarach
are considered to be promising control agents for citrus nematodes. The results indicate
that products derived from these plants may be potential candidates for formulating new
nematicides suitable for sustainable nematode management, although field trials are still
needed to demonstrate their effectiveness for commercial use.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank the University of Guilan
for research support.
RESPONSIBLE EDITOR
Renata Dobosz
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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