ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Combinations of Tagetes filifolia Lag. essential oil with chemical fungicides to control Colletotrichum truncatum and their effects on the biocontrol agent Trichoderma harzianum
1
Estacioń Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juárez/Laboratorio de Fitopatologia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria
(INTA), Córdoba, Argentina
2
Microbiologia Agricola, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Córdoba, Argentina
3
Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (IMBIV), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
A - Research concept and design; B - Collection and/or assembly of data; C - Data analysis and interpretation; D - Writing the article; E - Critical revision of the article; F - Final approval of article
Submission date: 2019-06-17
Acceptance date: 2019-08-07
Online publication date: 2020-03-06
Corresponding author
Boris Xavier Camiletti
Microbiologia Agricola, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Feliz Marrone 746, X5000, Cordoba, Argentina
Microbiologia Agricola, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-Universidad nacional de Cordoba (UNC), Feliz Marrone 746, X5000, Cordoba, Argentina
Journal of Plant Protection Research 2020;60(1):41-50
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Soybean [Glycine max (L.)], one of the most important crops in Argentina, is commonly
infected by Colletotrichum truncatum, the causal agent of anthracnose. Tagetes filifolia essential
oil (EO) is presented as a natural approach to minimize the dose of chemical fungicides
applied to the crop. The fungus Trichoderma harzianum is used as a biocontrol
agent because of its ability to produce secondary metabolites that destroy cell walls of phytopathogenic
fungi. However, its performance can be affected when it is exposed to chemical
fungicides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of T. filifolia
EO both individually and combined with chemical fungicides against C. truncatum, and its
effect on T. harzianum. Fungi were isolated from soybean crops. The following pesticides
were assessed: carbendazim (F1), difenoconazole (F2) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole
(F3). The EO was obtained from native plants and its chemical composition was analyzed
by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The minimum fungicide concentration
(MFC) was determined for each compound. Fungicides were combined with the EO
to look for combinations that allowed a reduction of pesticide doses. Among fungicides,
F1 showed the strongest antifungal activity against C. truncatum (MFC = 0.25 μl ⋅ l–1) and
T. harzianum (MFC = 1.5 μl ⋅ l–1). The sensitivity of both fungi to the EO was lower than
to fungicides. The EO presented MFCs of 6,000 and 9,000 μl ⋅ l–1 against C. truncatum and
T. harzianum. The EO and F1 affected the growth of T. harzianum at concentrations that
controlled C. truncatum (31 and 10%). Eight combinations of fungicides and the EO allowed
fungicide concentration reductions of up to 80%, although the growth of the biocontrol
strain was also affected. The results demonstrated that T. filifolia EO can be used to control
anthracnose and reduce doses of chemical fungicides applied to soybean crops. Its effect on
T. harzianum should be considered in the design of integrated pest management strategies.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the National Institute of
Agricultural Technology (INTA), National University
of Cordoba, Secretary of Science and Technology
(UNC, SECyT) and the Argentinian National Research
Council (CONICET) for their financial support. We
are also grateful to the College of Agricultural Science
(FCA-UNC) for allowing us to use its laboratory
equipment.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors have declared that no conflict of interests exist.
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